adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_painting
During the Six Dynasties period (220–589), people began to appreciate painting for its own beauty and to write about art. From this time we begin to know about individual artists, such as Gu Kaizhi. Even when these artists illustrated Confucian moral themes – such as the proper behavior of a wife to her husband or of children to their parents – they tried to make the figures graceful.
Six principles
The "Six principles of Chinese painting" were established by Xie He, a writer, art historian and critic in 5th century China. He is most famous for his "Six points to consider when judging a painting" (绘画六法, Pinyin:Huìhuà Liùfǎ), taken from the preface to his book "The Record of the Classification of Old Painters" (古画品录; Pinyin: Gǔhuà Pǐnlù). Keep in mind that this was written circa 550 A.D. and refers to "old" and "ancient" practices. The six elements that define a painting are:
- "Spirit Resonance", or vitality, and seems to translate to the nervous energy transmitted from the artist into the work. The overall energy of a work of art. Xie He said that without Spirit Resonance, there was no need to look further.
- "Bone Method", or the way of using the brush. This refers not only to texture and brush stroke, but to the close link between handwriting and personality. In his day, the art of calligraphy was inseparable from painting.
- "Correspondence to the Object", or the depicting of form, which would include shape and line.
- "Suitability to Type", or the application of color, including layers, value and tone.
- "Division and Planning", or placing and arrangement, corresponding to composition, space and depth.
- "Transmission by Copying", or the copying of models, not only from life but also the works of antiquity.
绘画六法
谢赫在《古画品录》中提出了完整的绘画六法论：
- 一 气韵生动是也
"气韵生动"这条纲领,决定了中国画重"神似",与西洋画重"形似"的凤格不同。
- 二 骨法用笔是也
学者对于谢赫“骨法”有多种解释：
指画的骨架。
指线条的运用。
- 三 应物象形是也
- 四 随类赋彩是也
- 五 经营位置是也
“经营位置”就是顾恺之的"置陈布势",就是构图学。
- 六 传移模写是也
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